This research note is the fourth in a series highlighting the findings of Welcome to the machine, Fathom’s recent report on techno-economic competition between the United States and China to 2035. Emerging technologies, particularly AI and robotics, have the potential to carry out a wide range of non-routine tasks that have historically been the preserve of human labour. Previous industrial revolutions did not result in mass lay-offs since the automation of some roles was offset by the creation of others…

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