Climate economics
Fathom takes a unique approach to climate-related work, centred on understanding how to reach net zero and allocate the world’s carbon budget in the most efficient way.
From this starting point we have developed novel datasets and powerful models and tools that identify the winners and losers from the energy transition, over time, helping our clients make investment decisions, manage risk and decarbonise their own operations with confidence. The rigour of our research and clarity of our analysis are why industry bodies, investors, corporates and different branches of government come to us for advice and solutions.
Details on the climate-related products and services we offer can be found below. For more information or to discuss your specific needs and how we can help, get in touch with Brian Davidson, Head of Climate Economics.
Decarbonising European aviation
How Europe can protect and enhance its position as an aerospace leader
Fathom is currently undertaking a year-long research project, set to complete in June 2025. The goal of this research, in partnership with the European Climate Foundation, is to explore different paths to decarbonising European aviation and ask how these can best support wider policy objectives, such as enhancing the region’s economic competitiveness, creating jobs and strengthening energy security. Stay up to date with key findings as our work progresses.
Our services
Data, models, tools
Fathom produces a range of data, models and tools focused on climate and the energy transition, which can be brought to life through presentations and user-friendly dashboards. In addition, we can build entirely new datasets, models and tools for consultancy clients, or existing products can be tailored to meet specific needs. Most of our climate-related data are available for 186 countries, meaning that virtually the entire global economy, population and carbon emissions are covered. Examples include:
Energy Transition Scores
This comprehensive dataset scores 186 countries on the economic opportunities and challenges that the transition to net zero greenhouse gas emissions will create. Risks and opportunities are broken down into categories and subcategories, with 198 variables providing users with a detailed picture of current and future winners and losers. All this information can be accessed and downloaded via a user-friendly dashboard. It can be used by policymakers to understand countries’ climate policies and forecast geopolitical changes, and by the private sector to identify investment opportunities and risks.
Climate RiCArdo dataset
Fathom’s climate RiCArdo dataset offers unique insights into the pattern of global trade in transition resources and clean technologies. It amasses a comprehensive range of climate-related trade data covering 186 countries, identifying their relative strengths and allowing comparisons and rankings. The dataset covers more than ten years and sorts millions of datapoints into 30 categories including critical transition minerals, climate technologies and fossil fuels. For each category, we show annual export and import values, in dollars and as a share of each country’s GDP back to 2013; export and import market share; and degree of export and import specialism.
Institutional investors, policymakers and other stakeholders are thus easily able to:
- Identify the major players in the clean–energy supply chain
- Compare the importance of the critical minerals, climate tech and fossil fuels
- Identify the winners and losers from the energy transition
Other climate data, models, tools
Understanding the damage caused by climate change
The economic effects of climate change are a crucial yet complicated topic. Many mainstream models fail to reflect these complexities and are thus unable to produce output of practical use to policymakers, investors and other users. There are no simple solutions; but Fathom has the expertise and capabilities to quantify the economic effects, uncertainties and risks of climate change under a range of different scenarios, calibrated at the global, national and subnational levels.
Company and portfolio metrics
Using numbers to quantify risk and Paris alignment
Fathom has developed a framework for generating company-specific or portfolio-specific data and metrics, including measures of greenness, Paris-alignment and transition risk. Central to this framework are Paris-consistent decarbonisation pathways in 24 different stock market sectors: investors can measure the progress of any globally classified company against these benchmarks. We can also help investors produce a range of other data to assess the transition risk and Paris-alignment of stocks and portfolios. This approach respects the global carbon budget, and is quantitative, removing any human judgement or bias; and it can be applied in the same way to all sectors and companies.
Degree of required adjustment
Scoring countries on the extra effort needed to decarbonise
We compare the historic evolution of a country’s greenhouse gas efficiency to what would be required to achieve a goal of net zero emissions by 2050 without adopting a policy of degrowth. The result reflects the degree of adjustment required for a country to be compliant with the Paris Treaty goal.
Quantifying countries’ alignment (or not) with the Paris goal
Fathom metrics can quantify the progress of individual countries towards achieving net zero goals in line with the targets set by international treaties. Employing the best climate datasets available, including our proprietary data, we can calculate not just the degree of required adjustment but also a country’s progress towards making that adjustment — considering levels, growth rates, changes and contribution to the global stock of emissions.
Bespoke consultancy
Each organisation has its own unique operational needs around climate change, raising questions that can be complex to answer. Fathom can respond to any specific climate-related questions that relate to economics, finance or politics. We can offer quantitative analysis, such as financial modelling; or qualitative analysis, such as policy assessments or literature reviews.
One feature that sets us a part is our ability to use in-house data, models and tools to answer clients’ questions.
For example, in a study for BNY Mellon Investment Management we used our decarbonisation pathways with a range of financial metrics to produce sector-specific transition risk scores. For more on this work, see this case study.
In another example, we used our energy transition scores to produce groupings of countries, or ‘personality types’, which share similar profiles with respect to the economics of net zero. These have helped our client to better understand the geopolitical forces created by the transition.
Net zero strategy
We help organisations of various types and sizes to design and implement a net-zero strategy. Strategies can cover our clients’ operations directly, or indirectly via the economies they oversee (governments) or the assets they invest in (investors). We help clients to find, manipulate and create the data needed to set strategies and measure progress over time.
Regulations and TCFD
There are a growing number of regulations requiring that companies and investors have suitable protocols in place to manage the risks from climate change and the energy transition, and the rules are evolving fast. Compliance can be a daunting process. Fathom can help.
We track mainstream reporting regulations such as the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) rules and their timeline for implementation, and we also know how compliance differs between asset owners, asset managers and corporates. We offer qualitative and quantitative assistance, and work with clients to identify and quantify the issues specific to their organisations. Some clients want to know the bigger picture: how regulations have evolved, are likely to evolve in future and what this means for asset prices. We can help here too (see case study).
Global Outlook
Our consideration of the global economy, financial markets and geopolitics informs our thinking on climate issues. Likewise, we assess how climate-related issues affect those three areas. Our Global Outlook service incorporates climate-related research and material in our quarterly presentations. Subscribers to this service also receive invitations to roundtables and events hosted by Fathom.
Case studies
Insights
Get in touch
For more information about our climate economics services or to discuss your needs and how we can help, please fill out the form below.